管理或非托管交换机
网络交换机在第2层（ISO / OSI模型中）工作，并且可能不需要任何配置，因为它可以使用其内部MAC地址或端口表来了解网络拓扑以及如何正常转发以太网帧。
这在其他类型的设备中是不同的。例如，某些存储区域网络（SAN）中使用的光纤通道（FC）交换机需要适当和手动配置（分区）来定义谁可以与谁交谈。
In the SMB segment or the entry-level models, there are管理or不受约束网络交换机。
非托管交换机cannot be configured, and they are plug-and-play (or "zero-touch" if you prefer this term). They usually are cheaper but are also limited in terms of functions and features. They are also in terms of the number of physical ports.
For small offices, branch offices or for domestic usage, they are usually fine. For example, the HPE OfficeConnect 1420 and 1405 series are small unmanaged switches. Most of the switch vendors may have a table to position the un-managed switches properly. For example, for the HPE OfficeConnect family:
Managed switches可以以不同的方式配置，可以通过不同的方法进行：
- 使用命令行界面（CLI）
- Using web interface thought a web browser
- 使用简单的网络管理协议（SNMP）
- Using propriety tools (like thick client or also cloud management tools)
Managed switches can provide a rich set of features and functions, like VLAN, LACP, stacking, QoS and several others, usually, need in modern network deployments.
下表总结了管理和非托管交换机之间的差异：
Web管理或CLI管理的交换机
Managed switches can be configured using CLI, web interface or other methods.
Not all managed switches support all the methods described before, but they have at least one between CLI or web-managed.
Switches that are only web-managed are usually entry-level or access switches. For example, the HPE OfficeConnect 1950 series is web-managed.
有时只需调用Web管理的交换机smart-managed要专注于简单性，但要澄清，可提供有限的功能。
Most switch vendors may have a table to position the web-managed (or smart-managed) switches properly depending on the features that you need. For example, for the HPE OfficeConnect family:
在核心和d CLI-managed开关更常见istribution layers and some high-end switches are only managed by CLI or maybe they can have a web-interface but only to see the configuration or only to be used for a REST API call.
Each switch vendor has its own CLI syntax, but most (like HPE Aruba) are using a CLI where some commands and syntax are quite similar among vendors. Note that the same vendor may have different switch series with different CLI: such as the Aruba 8xxx series and Aruba 3xxx/2xxx series have different commands.
CLI is a powerful way to manage switches and it’s also a language that makes it easy to replicate the same configuration on different switches (within the same series).
对于SMB，CLI通常太复杂，对于刚刚开始学习语法。因此，中型交换机可以具有CLI和Web管理接口，其中Web接口可能具有有限的配置选项集，而是通常是入门级管理员最常用的设置。
控制台管理
For CLI managed switches there are different ways to access the CLI:
- 使用带有Telnet的远程终端（或使用SSH更好）
- 使用本地控制台
除非交换机有默认的管理IP地址（或可以使用DHCP服务器配置），否则第一个配置应使用控制台完成。
The console port usually is a serial port, which could be an old RS-232 standard port. But more common is an RJ-45 port where you can use a specific rollover serial cable like this:
在笔记本电脑或您的PC上，您还需要仍然是串口或USB串行适配器。您需要携带适配器和电缆（您的交换机可能不包含）。大多数网络工程师都有几个这些电缆在他们的背包里铺设，但不要假设你需要它时你会拥有它。
为避免这种复杂性，一些现代交换机可能有一个特殊的控制台端口。
例如，Aruba 3xxx / 2xxx系列具有RJ45（左箭头）和Micro-USB（底箭头）端口：
Micro-USB端口只需要带有Micro-USB插头的标准USB电缆。但您还需要安装特殊驱动程序以使用此电缆，因为在交换机内部有一个USB串行集成适配器，并且需要驱动程序识别并正确使用。在现场显示之前，请确保为特定交换机安装了驱动程序！
软件定义网络
Note that I haven’t considered the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) switches that are targeted only for some enterprises and have a more complex management (and control) layer.
SDN提供以下优惠：
- 简单的 -Programmable network with open standards infrastructure
- Agile -动态改变您的网络如何响应业务需求
- Automated -快速部署应用程序
Each big network vendor have specific SDN solutions.Learn more about HPE solutions.
生命周期管理
对于托管交换机，交换机生命周期管理中有一些重要任务，例如：
- Configuration Management:Like saving the configuration, having consistent configuration across switches, and also able to find configuration changes
- Firmware Management:如果您不使用SDN，则在软件中编写的控制逻辑有一致和重要的部分，并存储在交换机闪光灯上。此固件应定期升级。
对于CLI管理的交换机，可以使用特定命令执行两个任务，也可以使用TFTP，FTP（以及有时也HTTP / HTTPS）协议存储配置或固件释放。
一些开关可以具有完整的USB类型 - 可用于连接USB存储的端口（如简单的FAT32格式化USB键）以存储配置或固件。
例如，Aruba 3xxx / 2xxx系列此端口位于控制台RJ45端口的左侧：
对于Aruba交换机，有一个有用的工具来简化生命周期管理，它是阿鲁巴中央服务。
阿鲁巴中央is a unified network operations, assurance and security platform that simplifies the deployment, the management, the operation, the monitoring, and service assurance of wireless, wired and SD-WAN environments.
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